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The product is colorless and transparent liquid. The relative density is 2.130, the melting point is 318.4 ℃, and the boiling point is 1390 ℃. There are two kinds of caustic soda sold in the market, solid caustic soda and liquid caustic soda: pure solid caustic soda is white, sheet, block, particle and rod, and it is brittle; Pure liquid caustic soda is called liquid caustic soda, which is colorless and transparent liquid. Industrial products mostly contain impurities, mainly sodium chloride and sodium carbonate, and sometimes a small amount of iron oxide. When dissolved into concentrated liquor alkali, most impurities will float on the liquid surface and can be separated and removed. Solid caustic soda has strong hygroscopicity and is easily soluble in water. It gives off heat when dissolved. The solution is strongly alkaline and has a slippery touch and bitter taste. It can make litmus test paper in red atmosphere blue and phenolphthalein solution red. It is also soluble in ethanol and glycerin, but insoluble in acetone, ether and acetic acid. When it meets with acid, it neutralizes and forms salt and water. It has the ability to saponify oil and fat, producing soap and glycerin. It is easy to absorb carbon dioxide and water in the air and turn them into carbonate.