CAS No：7647-01-0
Structure：
Instructions：
Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl), which belongs to a strong monobasic inorganic acid and is widely used in industry. Hydrochloric acid is colorless and transparent liquid with strong pungent smell and high corrosivity. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (with a mass fraction of about 37%) is highly volatile, so hydrogen chloride gas will volatilize after the container containing concentrated hydrochloric acid is opened, which will combine with water vapor in the air to produce small drops of hydrochloric acid, causing acid mist above the bottle mouth. Hydrochloric acid is the main component of gastric acid, which can promote food digestion and resist microbial infection.
In the 16th century, Libafius officially recorded the preparation method of hydrogen chloride. Later, chemists such as Graub, Priestley and David also used hydrochloric acid in their research.
During the Industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid began to be produced in large quantities. In the chemical industry, hydrochloric acid has many important applications and plays a decisive role in product quality. Hydrochloric acid can be used for pickling steel, and it is also a chemical reagent required for large-scale preparation of many inorganic and organic compounds, such as vinyl chloride, the precursor of PVC plastics. Hydrochloric acid has many small-scale uses, such as household cleaning, production of gelatin and other food additives, descaling agents, and leather processing. The world produces about 20 million tons of hydrochloric acid every year.
On October 27, 2017, the list of carcinogens published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization was preliminarily collated and referred to. Hydrochloric acid was in the list of three categories of carcinogens, that is, the evidence of carcinogenicity to human beings was insufficient.
physical property
Hydrochloric acid is a colorless liquid (hydrochloric acid for industrial use will be slightly yellow due to impurity ferric salt), corrosive, and an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride with a pungent smell. Generally, hydrochloric acid used in laboratories is 0.1mol/L, pH=1. High school chemistry calls hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid and perchloric acid the six major inorganic strong acids. Hydrogen chloride is miscible with water, and concentrated hydrochloric acid is soluble in water with heat released. It is soluble in alkali liquor and neutralizes with alkali liquor. It can be freely miscible with ethanol, and hydrogen chloride can be soluble in benzene. As concentrated hydrochloric acid is volatile, the volatilized hydrogen chloride gas reacts with water vapor in the air to form small hydrochloric acid droplets, so white fog can be seen.
Physical property data of hydrochloric acid of different concentrations at 20 ℃:
424.44
質(zhì)量分數
|
濃度
(g/L)
|
密度(Kg/L)
|
物質(zhì)的量濃度
(mol/L)
|
哈米特酸度函數
|
粘性
(m·Pa·s)
|
比熱容
[KJ/(Kg·℃)]
|
蒸汽壓
(Pa)
|
沸點(diǎn)
(℃)
|
熔點(diǎn)
(℃)
|
10%
|
104.80
|
1048
|
2.87
|
-0.5
|
1.16
|
3.47
|
0.527
|
103
|
-18
|
20%
|
219.60
|
1098
|
6.02
|
-0.8
|
1.37
|
2.99
|
27.3
|
108
|
-59
|
30%
|
344.70
|
1.149
|
9.45
|
-1.0
|
1.70
|
2.60
|
1410
|
90
|
-52
|
32%
|
370.88
|
1.159
|
10.17
|
-1.0
|
1.80
|
2.55
|
3130
|
84
|
-43
|
34%
|
397.46
|
1.169
|
10.90
|
-1.0
|
1.90
|
2.50
|
6733
|
71
|
-36
|
36%
|
424.44
|
1.179
|
11.64
|
-1.1
|
1.99
|
2.46
|
14100
|
61
|
-30
|
38%
|
451.82
|
1.189
|
12.39
|
-1.1
|
2.10
|
2.43
|
28000
|
48
|
-26
|
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